Although Abu Dhabi is one of the most modern cities in the world, it is facing a problem of traffic congestion. Many residents spend hours stuck in traffic every day. This is a complex problem with many serious causes and effects.
There are many reasons why we suffer traffic jams every day. One of these is the rapid growth of the population. As a result of this, the number of cars is increasing annually. A further point is that there are more female drivers and younger drivers today than in the past. The increase in the number of trucks and commercial vehicles also causes traffic congestion. These vehicles move very slowly, sometimes stopping to unload goods, and blocking traffic. Road works are a final major problem that can lead to streets being very crowded.
Traffic congestion also has many effects. One of the most important is parking problems. People find it difficult to park their cars, especially in the city center. Long delays in getting to and from work are another result, leading to less productivity from employees. There are also more accidents, because people become frustrated or angry due to the traffic jams. Finally, pollution in the city center worsens as a result of car emissions, and the city becomes a less attractive place to live. Shops are forced to close in the city center and have to relocate to malls or to the outskirts of the city, where parking is available.
In conclusion, although Abu Dhabi has good roads and modern infrastructure, it is suffering from traffic problems. There is no simple solution to this problem because it has many causes, but the effects are damaging both the city and the people who live there. The government should try to remedy this problem.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Age of Marriage
The bar graph shows the decline, over the past few decades, in the percentage of women aged 15-19 who are married in six selected Arab countries. The table gives us the age of first marriage for men and women in twelve Arab countries, plus Turkey and Iran.
The most dramatic feature of the bar chart concerns the UAE, where the percentage plummeted from 57% in 1975 to 8% in 1995. Other massive drops were in Libya and Kuwait. Egypt, Tunisia and Palestine registered less dramatic falls.
The age of first marriage, in the table, showed a range from mid- to late-20s for men and from low- to mid-20s for women.
The most dramatic drop in the bar chart was in the UAE. The bar chart showed the number of teenage brides in all six countries has fallen over the past 3-4 decades and the table seems to confirm this because in all 14 countries women are getting married in their early twenties, rather than in their teens.
The most dramatic feature of the bar chart concerns the UAE, where the percentage plummeted from 57% in 1975 to 8% in 1995. Other massive drops were in Libya and Kuwait. Egypt, Tunisia and Palestine registered less dramatic falls.
The age of first marriage, in the table, showed a range from mid- to late-20s for men and from low- to mid-20s for women.
The most dramatic drop in the bar chart was in the UAE. The bar chart showed the number of teenage brides in all six countries has fallen over the past 3-4 decades and the table seems to confirm this because in all 14 countries women are getting married in their early twenties, rather than in their teens.
Sunday, February 28, 2010
tornadoes and hurricanes
The table compares two of the most dangerous natural meteorological phenomena - tornadoes and hurricanes. Although both are extremely destructive, hurricanes can be predicted and action taken to avoid loss of life, while tornadoes can strike with very little warning.
Hurricanes differ from tornadoes in many respects. One difference is speed. To be classified as a hurricane, a storm must be between 74 mph and 200. Tornadoes however can be both much weaker, at 40 mph, and much stronger, at 300 mph. Hurricanes are much bigger in scale than tornadoes. They can affect an area of 300 miles, compared to only a few hundred meters for tornadoes.
Fortunately, hurricanes are much less frequent than tornadoes, with only 100 worldwide per year, compared to over 1000 tornadoes annually in the USA alone. In addition, hurricanes can be predicted with some accuracy up to 6-10 hours before they hit. Because of these differences, tornadoes and hurricanes are measured on different scales. Scientists measure hurricanes on the Saffir Simpson scale from C1 to C5, while tornadoes are measured on the Fujita scale.
In conclusion, the table shows that, despite the differences between the two types of storm, scientists are gradually learning more about each. If their efforts at prediction become even more successful, many tragedies caused by these overwhelming powers of nature could be avoided.
Hurricanes differ from tornadoes in many respects. One difference is speed. To be classified as a hurricane, a storm must be between 74 mph and 200. Tornadoes however can be both much weaker, at 40 mph, and much stronger, at 300 mph. Hurricanes are much bigger in scale than tornadoes. They can affect an area of 300 miles, compared to only a few hundred meters for tornadoes.
Fortunately, hurricanes are much less frequent than tornadoes, with only 100 worldwide per year, compared to over 1000 tornadoes annually in the USA alone. In addition, hurricanes can be predicted with some accuracy up to 6-10 hours before they hit. Because of these differences, tornadoes and hurricanes are measured on different scales. Scientists measure hurricanes on the Saffir Simpson scale from C1 to C5, while tornadoes are measured on the Fujita scale.
In conclusion, the table shows that, despite the differences between the two types of storm, scientists are gradually learning more about each. If their efforts at prediction become even more successful, many tragedies caused by these overwhelming powers of nature could be avoided.
Monday, February 22, 2010
Adding information
Additional information
moreover (formal); furthermore; in addition; on top of that
The Prime Minister is unwilling to admit that the country is deeply in debt. Moreover/Furthermore/In addition he insists he can maintain current levels of government spending.
The earthquake victims in Haiti are desperately short of food and shelter. In addition they urgently need doctors and medical supplies.
She borrowed my bike and never gave it back. On top of that, she broke the lawnmower and wrecked the washing machine.
moreover (formal); furthermore; in addition; on top of that
The Prime Minister is unwilling to admit that the country is deeply in debt. Moreover/Furthermore/In addition he insists he can maintain current levels of government spending.
The earthquake victims in Haiti are desperately short of food and shelter. In addition they urgently need doctors and medical supplies.
She borrowed my bike and never gave it back. On top of that, she broke the lawnmower and wrecked the washing machine.
Similarity
Expressing similarity
similarly; in the same way
The roads are usually very crowded at the beginning of the holiday season. Similarly, there are often traffic jams at the end of the holidays.
We did everything to provide our daughters with a good education. In the same way, they put a high value on our grandchildren's education.
similarly; in the same way
The roads are usually very crowded at the beginning of the holiday season. Similarly, there are often traffic jams at the end of the holidays.
We did everything to provide our daughters with a good education. In the same way, they put a high value on our grandchildren's education.
Emphasising a contrast
Stronger contrast
however; nevertheless; mind you; still; yet; in spite of this
Britain came last in the World Children's Games again. However, we did have one success with Annie Smith's world record in the egg and spoon race.
I don't like the job much. Mind you, the money's good.
He says he's not rich and yet he owns 3 houses and 4 cars.
It was foggy this morning. In spite of this, I managed toget to college on time.
It was foggy earlier but I still managed to get here on time.
however; nevertheless; mind you; still; yet; in spite of this
Britain came last in the World Children's Games again. However, we did have one success with Annie Smith's world record in the egg and spoon race.
I don't like the job much. Mind you, the money's good.
He says he's not rich and yet he owns 3 houses and 4 cars.
It was foggy this morning. In spite of this, I managed toget to college on time.
It was foggy earlier but I still managed to get here on time.
Contrast
Balancing contrasting points
on the other hand; while; whereas
Arranged marriages are common in many Middle Eastern countries. In the West, on the other hand, they are unusual.
I like spending my holidays in the mountains, while/whereas my wife prefers the seaside.
While/whereas can be put before the first of 2 contrasting points,e.g.
While/whereas the English alphabet has 26 letters, English phonemic transcription has over 40 basic symbols.
on the other hand; while; whereas
Arranged marriages are common in many Middle Eastern countries. In the West, on the other hand, they are unusual.
I like spending my holidays in the mountains, while/whereas my wife prefers the seaside.
While/whereas can be put before the first of 2 contrasting points,e.g.
While/whereas the English alphabet has 26 letters, English phonemic transcription has over 40 basic symbols.
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